This is the third article in a series of FAQs about robotics. The first one and the second one can be found on this website. This article deals with the question: What is robotics vs. automation vs. robots?
In simple terms, “robotics” is the broader science; “robots” are physical units; and “automation” is the enabling technology. Moreover, “automation” is the umbrella term within which “robotics” is a sub-sector.
Though often used interchangeably, the terms robotics, robots, and automation refer to distinct – but overlapping – concepts.
Understanding the differences is essential for anyone navigating today’s rapidly evolving technological landscape, from engineers and investors to factory workers and everyday consumers. Robotics: The science and engineering discipline
Robotics is the multidisciplinary field that encompasses the design, construction, programming, and operation of robots. It draws on mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, computer science, control systems, artificial intelligence, and other domains.
The field includes both the theoretical underpinnings and the practical applications of machines that can sense, decide, and act.
Robotics doesn’t necessarily imply autonomy – many robots are manually operated – but it does focus on machines designed to interact with the physical world, often in complex or dynamic environments.
Robots: The physical machines
A robot is a physical machine – usually programmable – that can carry out a range of tasks. Robots often include mechanical components such as arms, wheels, or legs, sensors to perceive the environment, and controllers to interpret data and make decisions.
Some robots are fully autonomous, while others are semi-autonomous or remotely controlled.
Industrial robot arms on an assembly line, quadrupeds used in military inspections, humanoids that mimic human movements, and vacuum cleaners that map your living room all fall under the broad category of robots.
They vary widely in form and intelligence, but all are physical embodiments of robotic principles.
Automation: The wider technological context
Automation refers to the broader concept of using technology to perform tasks without human intervention. It doesn’t necessarily involve robots. For instance, a thermostat that regulates temperature is a form of automation.
So is a software script that processes invoices. Automation can be purely digital, purely mechanical, or a blend of both.
In industrial settings, robots are often tools for automation – but not the only ones. Conveyor belts, pneumatic systems, and software-driven workflows also contribute to automating processes.
Putting it all together
Think of it this way: automation is the goal, robotics is one of the disciplines used to achieve that goal, and robots are the tools – or systems – developed through that discipline. Automation can exist without robots, but robots are almost always designed to automate something.
As the technologies continue to evolve and merge with artificial intelligence, the distinctions may blur even further. But the foundational definitions remain a useful starting point for understanding where we are – and where we’re headed.
